Analysis of ‘The Truman’s Show’ in search of reality Essay

The film, The Truman Show, is a fiction movie that has been created to help the human search for reality in what apparently seems real. It shows that many times, people are absorbed in an unreal environment thinking that they are indeed in the reality. Media is to blame for making false impressions of the environment. The film depicts Truman as a person who has been entangled in a false environment and is trying hard to discover the truth. In other words, this film is intended to bring to the attention the many times that we get absorbed in situations that we cannot derive any real meaning. It challenges people to wake up and search for the true meaning and not become captives of falsehood. The film depicts Truman Burbank as a person who is born in a fake world. The environment that surrounds him is that of actors. It is in a big dome decked enclosure that is fitted with high-tech simulations of the sky and the sun. The wind and rain are also simulated. They are under the control of the director of the show. Apparently, Truman does not realize that he is in a simulated world initially. Moreover, he has no idea that he is in a television studio from which people all over the world can watch him in his normal behavior as he carries on with his normal activities. However, all the situations that he finds himself in have been staged and, therefore, lack a true meaning in the real world. However, with time Truman realizes that he is in a simulated environment. He is made to discover the false surrounds he is in by the help of Sylvia, who was intended to be his wife in the artificial world. He comes to know that staged events and scenes fill his life. He then begins to plan a way of escaping to the real world. He tries all means to escape but does not succeed immediately. That is because of two major barriers. One barrier is that he has been made a victim of fear by the director of the show has he controls his world. He has been made to fear travelling by water because his father had supposedly died while fishing. Truman is informed that travelling by water was dangerous at the time, and it was safer to stay at home. Secondly, obstacles have been placed in his way such that he cannot escape easily. He is unable to arrange for flights. Traffic jams that are also staged hinder him from travelling. Therefore, he does not manage to escape easily at first. Later on, Truman devices a way to escape and finally manages to escape to the real world. The first step in his escape is that he manages to overcome his fear. He sails in the water despite the many attempts by the director to enclose him from attempting such a move. Truman discovers a door marked â€Å"Exit† and he manages to escape completely to the real world. The escape is praised by the audience as an act of courage and triumphant. He meets with Sylvia, and they reunite. That marks the end of the artificial world created on falsehood and a new beginning in the world of reality. The Truman Show has significance in ordinary lives. It depicts how people live under the false beliefs painted by the media. Truman’s discovery that he had been living in the fallacy can be compared to how people realize that media creates only illusions that do not depict the reality. However, just as Truman was unable to get out of the fake world easily, people are reluctant to break away from the false impressions created by the media. Moreover, Truman had been absorbed into the fake world just as many people find themselves hooked by the illusions created in the media. Truman is a character used to show how people get absorbed into the fake world that is created by the media. Usually, people do not notice the impact of the illusions that they absorb have on their lives. Many live in a fantasy. However, later on, they realize how impractical the life created by the media is as compared to the real world. As such, some try to find a way out of the bondage with the media. While some of them succeed in getting out, others remain as slaves of the media. Media critics act to sensitize people on the negative side of the media just like Sylvia helped Truman to discover that he was leaving in a fake world. The film, The Truman Show, is a fiction movie that has been created to help the human search for reality in what apparently seems real. It shows that many times, people are absorbed in an unreal environment thinking that they are indeed in the reality. Media is to blame for making false impressions of the environment. The film depicts Truman as a person who has been entangled in a false environment and is trying hard to discover the truth. In other words, this film is intended to bring to the attention the many times that we get absorbed in situations that we cannot derive any real meaning. It challenges people to wake up and search for the true meaning and not become captives of falsehood. The film depicts Truman Burbank as a person who is born in a fake world. The environment that surrounds him is that of actors. It is in a big dome decked enclosure that is fitted with high-tech simulations of the sky and the sun. The wind and rain are also simulated. They are under the control of the director of the show. Apparently, Truman does not realize that he is in a simulated world initially. Moreover, he has no idea that he is in a television studio from which people all over the world can watch him in his normal behavior as he carries on with his normal activities. However, all the situations that he finds himself in have been staged and, therefore, lack a true meaning in the real world. However, with time Truman realizes that he is in a simulated environment. He is made to discover the false surrounds he is in by the help of Sylvia, who was intended to be his wife in the artificial world. He comes to know that staged events and scenes fill his life. He then begins to plan a way of escaping to the real world. He tries all means to escape but does not succeed immediately. That is because of two major barriers. One barrier is that he has been made a victim of fear by the director of the show has he controls his world. He has been made to fear travelling by water because his father had supposedly died while fishing. Truman is informed that travelling by water was dangerous at the time, and it was safer to stay at home. Secondly, obstacles have been placed in his way such that he cannot escape easily. He is unable to arrange for flights. Traffic jams that are also staged hinder him from travelling. Therefore, he does not manage to escape easily at first. Later on, Truman devices a way to escape and finally manages to escape to the real world. The first step in his escape is that he manages to overcome his fear. He sails in the water despite the many attempts by the director to enclose him from attempting such a move. Truman discovers a door marked â€Å"Exit† and he manages to escape completely to the real world. The escape is praised by the audience as an act of courage and triumphant. He meets with Sylvia, and they reunite. That marks the end of the artificial world created on falsehood and a new beginning in the world of reality. The Truman Show has significance in ordinary lives. It depicts how people live under the false beliefs painted by the media. Truman’s discovery that he had been living in the fallacy can be compared to how people realize that media creates only illusions that do not depict the reality. However, just as Truman was unable to get out of the fake world easily, people are reluctant to break away from the false impressions created by the media. Moreover, Truman had been absorbed into the fake world just as many people find themselves hooked by the illusions created in the media. Truman is a character used to show how people get absorbed into the fake world that is created by the media. Usually, people do not notice the impact of the illusions that they absorb have on their lives. Many live in a fantasy. However, later on, they realize how impractical the life created by the media is as compared to the real world. As such, some try to find a way out of the bondage with the media. While some of them succeed in getting out, others remain as slaves of the media. Media critics act to sensitize people on the negative side of the media just like Sylvia helped Truman to discover that he was leaving in a fake world. Reference The Truman Show (1998). Directed by Peter Weir. 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Elizabethan Age Essay

Elizabethan age was an era of extraordinary juxtaposition of whole new avenue of thoughts and avalanche of ideologies, which flowed in words of great literary geniuses. It began with the spirit of Renaissance marked by the quest for adventure and material wealth. It was the age when the minds of the people were lured by the new visions of distant lands rich in gold jewels and were swayed by the captivating charm of the beauty and loveliness. Music, Dance and Mirth played a significant part in their lives. On the other hand, Elizabethan era also saw the decay of moral values. From the noble class to gentry and from royalties to peasantry: people in an inexhaustible pursuit of materialism devoid from spirituality, adopted greed and corrupt values. The literature world delved deep into the psyche of the masses to illustrate the situation whereby in their quest for lavish life, they forgot that the tragic end is waiting for them. Both Marlowe and Shakespeare created the characters in their enduring plays Dr. Faustus and Hamlet who became the emblem of tragic heroes. They both enjoyed royalties because of their noble birth but both of their lives ended in tragedy in virtue of their most tragic flaw in their character. Their flaw was their greed and pride, which led them to pursue their evil designs and eventually their death. Marlowe’s hero is Dr. Faustus who had extraordinary qualities and was a super human but his consuming passion reaches beyond the ordinary aspiration until he meets with his fate. It was not the matter of his own fall but it was a struggle between his overweening soul and in its insatiable ambition, and the limitations, which it seek to overcome. On the other hand, we cannot say Hamlet was lacking in moral values but he was also a conqueror and his greed to revenge the murder of his father surpassed all his good actions and deeds. For the power and wealth, Claudius murdered King Hamlet whose soul wanders and tortures the young Hamlet to ponder upon some foul play. Dr. Faustus’s over ambitious desire and zeal induced him to sell his soul to evil. He abjured the scriptures, the Trinity and Christ to fulfill his inordinate ambition to gain super human powers by gaining mastery over unholy art of magic. By selling the soul to Devil, he lives a Blasphemous life full of vain and sensual pleasures for complete twenty-four years and did not even hesitate to insult and assault the Pope with the Holy Fathers at Rome. Though he feels a constant dispute going on in his soul between his overweening ambition and conscience (a struggle between the seven deadly sins and ethics or moral principles), between the Good Angel and Evil Angel that externalize the inner conflict. But Dr Faustus surrenders himself to the allurements of the Evil Angel, thereby paving his way for eternal damnation. In his inordinate passion to unravel all the mysteries of the universe, he forgot that he cannot overpower the time and when ultimately the time came for the evil angel to take his soul, he realizes that his sins are unpardonable and nothing can save him from eternal damnation. And before the devils snatch away his soul to the burning hell, the excruciating pangs of a deeply agonized soul finds the most poignant expression in Faustus’s final soliloquy. â€Å"My God, my God, look not so fierce to me! Adders and serpents, let me breathe a while! Ugly hell, gape not: come not Lucifer: I’ll burn my books: Ah, Mephistophilis! (Marlowe, 1588, Dr. Faustus: Scene XIV) Shakespeare’s Hamlet also had a tragic end-but the end of Hamlet was not due to the flaw in his moral character but the waver of the mind of the noble soul to avenge the death of his father. The play began with the presence of supernatural element in the form of the Ghost of Hamlet’s father. Both Bernardo and Horatio accepted the Ghost as a portent, or as foreshadowing a coming event. The figure of Ghost implied the emergence of foul play that would change the course of Hamlet’s life and the impending doom owing to the Greed of Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius who later ascended the throne of Denmark and married Hamlet’s mother. The indecent haste in which she had remarried made Hamlet think foul play behind his father’s murder and he remarked, â€Å"O God! a beast that wants discourse of reason,/would have mourned longer and made him generalize, â€Å"Frailty thy name is woman! † (Shakespeare, 1600, Hamlet: Act I, Scene II 146). Prince Hamlet decided to avenge the death of his father but as he was thoughtful by nature, he delayed the revenge and instead entered in a deep melancholy. Claudius and Gertrude in a bid to know about the cause of Hamlet’s behavior made Hamlet’s friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to keep a watch on him. On the other hand, Hamlet was blind to seek the revenge of his father and called upon the traveling actors to act a play depicting the scene in the way he had imagined his father was murdered. He invited Claudius to see the play and if he reacted at the scene, Hamlet would be ensured about Claudius guilt. And the same happened, as soon as the scene came, Claudius left the room in haste and Hamlet got the proof. Hamlet went to kill Claudius but when he found him praying, Hamlet stopped as the killing at that time would mean that Claudius soul would go to heaven. Claudius was so scared now that he decided to send Hamlet to England, but meanwhile Hamlet went to meet his mother where Polonius was hidden. Hamlet thought that Claudius was hiding there and in a fit of rage, he picked up the sword and instead of killing Claudius, he killed Polonius. Hearing the news of the death of Polonius, Opthelia went mad with grief and killed herself by drowning in the river. Polonius son, Laertes now wanted to avenge his father and sister’s death. Taking the advantage of situation, Claudius instigated Laertes for a duet with Hamlet, and gave him a sword of poison and also prepared a drink to poison Hamlet to death in case he won the battle. In a sword fighting after the Ophelia’s funeral, Hamlet could hit Laertes first but declined to take a drink instead Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother took a drink and died on the spot. Laertes was able to wound Hamlet and after Laertes revealed the real culprit to Hamlet, he too died due to the cut on his arm by his own sword. Wounded Hamlet did not hesitate even for a second; he picked up a poisoned sword, stabbed Claudius and forced him to drink the remaining of the poisoned wine. Claudius went into the eternal doom and Hamlet too died but after taking his revenge. In play Dr. Faustus, Marlowe had captured the moral value of greed for materialistic matters in the form of Dr. Faustus’s aspirations for gaining the knowledge of black magic, and for this purpose, he bid farewell to the religious values of medieval period, in other words to divinity. â€Å"These metaphysics of magicians And necromantic books are heavenly; O, what a world of profit and delight Of power, of honor of Omnipotence, Is promised to the studious artizen: All things that move between the quiet poles Shall be at my command† (Marlowe, 1588, Dr. Faustus: Scene I) These lines show Dr Faustus was pelf with power, whereas, in â€Å"Hamlet†, the main protagonist of William Shakespeare is a noble soul and possesses strong moral convictions. Though he too kills Polonius but it was out of revenge and erroneously mistaking him for Claudius, his father’s murderer. He thinks it is his moral duty to revenge his father’s death then only his father’s soul will rest in peace. He is a true representative of medieval period. He is as said by Herlinde Pauer-Studer in her book, â€Å"Norms, Values and Society†, â€Å"He acts on his moral sense of duty, even though he knows that he is doing it at the cost of his happiness and life. † (Studer-Pauer 1994) He put on his antic disposition and says, â€Å"The time is out of joint, O cursed spite, That ever I was born to set it right. † (Shakespeare, 1600, Hamlet: Act I Scene V) The second comparison can be made between Hamlet and Dr. Faustus in the way both Hamlet and Dr Faustus carried out their plans to fulfill their aims. Dr. Faustus defies the medieval conventions of love, selfishness and trust to become all powerful and wealthy and tried to become evil by killing his own ministers. He is a true representative of Renaissance period whereby man can go into an extreme extent to achieve his aims. â€Å"With the help of spirits Dr, Faustus feels: â€Å"I’ll levy soldiers with the coin they bring, and chase the Prince of Parma from the land, and reign sole king of all our provinces. † (Marlowe, 1588, Dr. Faustus: Scene I) Whereas on the other hand though Hamlet’s aim was good but the route he adopted was not consistent with Christian ethics. He followed dishonest ways like deception and homicide to carry on with the plan of revenge. â€Å"I am myself indifferent honest; but yet I could accuse me of such things that it were better my mother had not borne me; I am very proud, revengeful, ambitious †¦What should such fellows as I do crawling between heaven and earth. † (Shakespeare, 1600, Hamlet: Act III, Scene I) But there are certain elements of good deeds and the values of medieval ages that still are visible in the human souls and in their thoughts and actions. Both Marlowe and Shakespeare created the characters that were not evil in the real sense. Before carrying on their evil deeds the goodness, which prevail in their soul makes them to give second thoughts in the form of the consequences of their deeds. This is third aspect in the way Shakespeare and Marlowe made protagonists think of the consequences, which they can face if they follow their whims. Hamlet was in a state of dilemma, â€Å"To be or Not to be† (Shakespeare, 1600, Hamlet: Act III, Scene I) whether to take revenge by killing or not, and the consequences of his actions loom large on him. His soul was arguing whether his actions followed the norms of the society or not? Is it evil to punish the evil or killing is wrong altogether. If one goes by the rule utilitarianism, one must follow the rules and which would bring utility for all. (Studer-Pauer 1994) and in this concept what Hamlet did is absolutely right but according to the law of the land what he did was wrong and way he carried out his executions had serious lapses. These lapses occurred only because his other side of the soul was not permitting him to carry on with the killings. His character of being a noble soul came to light in the scene when he was going to kill Claudius but when he saw him praying he could not kill him. Whereas Dr. Faustus finally sold his soul to Evil, still the good side of his was again and again prompted him to go back to divinity and seek forgiveness from Jesus. His conscious mind was rebelling against his whims in the form of Good Angels but he did not bother to listen. This is the finest example in English literature to prove the biggest reality of the man’s nature. Man is not born evil but even if he is succumbing to evil designs, there within deep his heart and soul, his consciousness will keep on prompting him what he is doing is wrong. This is the difference between Hamlet and Dr Faustus. Hamlet wants to take revenge but his virtuous character and goodness in him was making him delay the revenge. He did take revenge finally but at the cost of his own life and the life of so many others. Whereas though the Dr Faustus’s conscious mind was prompting him to recede but he want only more and more of wealth and power. Claudius got punished for the sins he committed not by his choice but by fate, and Laertes repented, â€Å"Laertes, poisoned by his own sword, declares, â€Å"I am justly kill’d with my own treachery. † (Shakespeare, 1600, Hamlet: V Scene II 318). Whereas Dr. Faustus’s end was the result of his own deed-his deal with devil Lucifer and he lamented, â€Å"On God, whom Faustus hath abjured! On God whom Faustus hath Blasphemed! Ah, my God, I would weep! But the Devil draws in my tears. Gush forth blood, instead of tears! yea, life and soul-O, he stays my tongue! I would life up my hands; but see they hold em, they hold em! † (Marlowe, 1588, Dr. Faustus: Scene III) There was a certain fascination associated with the transition, which was carried on in the period of renaissance and the plays try to show the same. On one hand, there was whole new lease of life in the form of scientific and technological developments and on the other hand moral values were loosing ground. People were not thinking that for every beginning there is an end. With this there was a sense of insecurity too, which is so destined. The distinction points were made keeping in view the social circumstances of the time. There was reformation in every sphere of life and people were swept by the waves of these reformations. These reformations were like magic for them. With the magical powers of scientific discoveries and technological advancement, every one wanted to gain wealth, power and prestige without adhering to religious norms and wanted life of sexual fulfillment and pleasurable living even at the cost of killing near and dear ones. REFERENCES Baker J. , Bredemann A. , & Brussart B. , McLeer A. , Tuck Tiffany & Wolowicz T. 1997. Renaissance Attitudes Towards Faustus as a Magician.Retrieved on September 25, 2007 from http://www. english. uga. edu/cdesmet/tiffany/faustus. htm Collins J. (2006) An Introspective Look at Corruption from Hamlet Spoiled Fruits, Stolen Nation Retrieved on September 24, 2007 from W. W. W: http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/70560/an_introspective_look_at_corruption. html Marlowe C. Doctor Faustus (1588) New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company, 1909–14 Shakespeare W. Hamlet (1600) The Norton Shakespeare: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. , New York, NY: 1997 Studer-Pauer, Herlinde (1994) â€Å"Norms, Values, and Society† Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Walmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Walmart - Essay Example It comes under strategic portfolio management. It has the following criteria: Score from the EFE Matrix (score is plotted on y-axis) Score from the IFE Matrix (score is plotted on x-axis) The IE Matrix is divided into three segments namely Grow and Build (High), Hold and Maintain (Medium) and Harvest or Divest (Low). Analysis of Wal-Mart using IE matrix: The Internal factor evaluation score of Wal-Mart is 2.80 and the External factor evaluation score is 3.86. According to these scores, Wal-Mart fits into the category of Grow and Build. The strategies suitable for Wal-Mart are discussed below: Market Penetration: This strategy can be used when a company wants to increase its market share with the help of its current products and services through greater efforts of marketing. This is extremely appropriate for Wal-Mart and can give a competitive edge because of the bankruptcy of K- mart. Wal-Mart should increase its promotional campaigns to capture the attention of its target market and retain the customers of K-mart as well. K-mart is closing hundreds of stores and this is an opportunity for Wal-Mart to control the market. The economies of scale against its rival also give the power to influence the market. The EDLP and rollback campaigns can be integrated in such markets where their share is less and will enable the employees to grow and promote in higher positions with the addition of more products and increased market share. Wal-Mart already enjoys a dominant position and requires a little effort to reach out to a range of customers. Wal-Mart can contact to local television stations and other advertising means to increase its customer base and positive image. The immediate results of this strategy includes increased market share, increased sales and increased customer recognition. This will also increase the competition because competitors will also respond to this strategy. Market Development: Wal-Mart can also enter into new markets by simple introducing its products and services in new geographic areas. This strategy also works with the core values of Wal-Mart. This strategy will provide many potential areas for growth both in local and international market. This is because Wal-Mart holds a strong position in the industry and has the needed capital and human resource to diffuse into the untapped markets. Thus, in order to maintain and expand their reach in all facets of the business Wal-Mart should continue to grow its business in different areas of the world. This will also provide quality of life in those areas where development is required. The costs for the implementation of this strategy are considerably high because it will involve the construction of new buildings and organization of new distribution networks. This is a very important strategy for Wal-Mart because they are currently using this strategy. The main advantage for Wal-Mart is its superior pricing ability which forces out the other local shops and stores. This will s urely increase the level of customer satisfaction as well as the increased capital investment. Product Development: This strategy can be used to increase the sales and serve to a diverse range of customers by modifying and improving the quality of existing products or services. This will provide the unique opportunity to compete with higher market sharing places in the other divisions. It is known that Wal-Mart operates in other divisions under its name. Through this strategy,

White New Brutality Films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

White New Brutality Films - Essay Example The white cultural identity is directly proportional to the understanding of the effective power of new-brutality films. The movies and documentaries attract viewers because of the historical significances and violent contents. The book of Paul Gormley regards the films related to race and violence as the new-brutality films. According to the author, the issues related to discrimination of race in the United States were extraordinary and a white filmmaker could not use the word nigger without evoking the white suppression in past and the problems faced by the black community in America. Gormley has also stated in the book that films such as, Pulp Fiction and Reservoir Dogs give people a complete understanding about the anarchic and unveiling racial age in the white society, however, the films like Menace II Society presents the imagination of the white culture in crisis. Most of the films of the 1990s were populated with the thoughts related to the African-American cultural bodies fo r their negative power in the Western Society. In the 1990s, one of the utmost striking scenes of the United States that was filmed for ten minutes is the disreputable torture part in the Reservoir Dogs. This scene is viewed as one of the pivotal parts which contained numerous features that lead to the advent of different development in the history of Hollywood cinema. Pulp fiction and Menace II society films have signified a new strand in the aesthetic direction. These films are viewed by author Paul Gormley as the new-brutality films which share one common theme to revive and renegotiate the affecting qualities and proximity of the experience of cinema. These films created a new aesthetic direction in the commercial Hollywood. In the year 1994, the American black crime and comedy film was directed by Quentin Tarantino named as Pulp Fiction. The film is primarily renowned for its ironic mixture of violence and comicalness, eclectic dialogue, cinematic allusions and a nonlinear storyline.

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business ethics - Essay Example The management of human resources begins at recruitment and with that there are two strong ethical concerns for all companies. These are the dual issues of following anti-discrimination practices and equal opportunity guidelines (Lockwood, 2005). Simply put, all candidates must be viewed and hired based on their strengths and weaknesses as applicants without giving any biases to their race, gender, age, or physical abilities except in certain situations where such requirements may be an intrinsic part of the job (Alleyne, 2005). As discussed by Clarke (2005), a lot remains to be done in this particular field. Given that the nature of the job in an office setting may include guidelines for inclusion and accessibility may also be a mandatory requirement, there are very few exceptions to the ethical guidelines that can be taken by a company. Without exception, the person making the hiring decision for the company should follow ethical principles and it should be assumed by him/her that the law applies in the fullest sense during the recruitment process. Even before a person is hired, there are ethical requirements which must be observed in the selection and interview process including the idea of confidentiality as well as protecting the privacy of all candidates (Welch, 2005). While applying for the job, candidates may give out information such as email addresses that are considered to be private information in ethical terms and that must be kept secure by the company. After the recruitment has been completed, there are explicit contracts of employment that have to be ethically created and administered by HR professionals as a matter of following the laws of the land. However, there may also be implicit contracts which Emott (2006) suggests are the unspoken understandings between the organization and the workers as they relate to both the expectations of the workers and the obligations of the

Alien and Sedition Acts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Alien and Sedition Acts - Research Paper Example The paper highlights that the term federalist is used to refer â€Å"to those individuals who favored the ratification of the US Constitution† (Vile 268). The newly formed Federalist party was led by Alexander Hamilton and was formed around the idea of supporting a strong national government such as would be competent to exercise its powers under the necessary and proper clauses established a national bank. The Democratic - Republican Party was largely founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. This party was founded by the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, which were against the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Democratic-Republicans had worries about the attempts to stifle the dissenting voices in the United States. Jefferson responded to these concerns by allowing the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire without renewal and issued the pardon to those who had been arrested during the time (Sabato and Ernst 301). This move not only solidified the ability for an opposition political party to be established in the United States without fear of prosecution, but Jefferson refused to grant the newly formed Federalist interest to the national charter of the Bank of the United State and opened another branch in New Orleans. He also cut the spending of the national debt and eliminated the internal revenue taxes; this move strengthened his standing among his opponents. This made the newly formed Federalist have a disorganized party. In conclusion, there have been philosophical differences between the newly formed Federalist and the Democratic - Republican Party.

How I stopped smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How I stopped smoking - Essay Example The researcher tells that it was when he had been smoking for over four months that his school arranged a guest speaker. He had occupied a seat in the front row, where he could clearly read the subject, the discussion was going to revolve around. It was smoking, and its effects on an individual’s health. The researcher found it offensive. He knew for sure that all the smokers were going to feel guilty about their habit, and would be looked at by their friends through the corners of their eyes. He had mentally prepared himself for the same, because almost everybody in his class knew that he had been smoking for the last four months. They were not impressed by this! He can tell this because they made several unsuccessful attempts to convince him to work his way out of that habit, but he was too committed to it to accede to their proposal. The lecture started and the guest speaker explained in what ways a cigarette ruins an individual’s health. He told about the various wa ys in which individuals get at the cigarettes, and one of the most obvious ways was in which the author had done so i.e. through friends. The discussion that followed provoked his mind to seek answers to many questions. Did he know smoking was bad? He certainly did! Did he know it’s expensive? Yes, he did. Was he fulfilling his desire on the cost of his health as well as pocket? Yes, both of them indeed! Why did he start it at the outset? He had started smoking in order to look mature, impressive and inspiring. Did he impress anybody? He doesn’t think he did. Indeed, he depressed quite a lot of people! ... Did I know smoking was bad? I certainly did! Did I know it’s expensive? Yes, I did. Was I fulfilling my desire on the cost of my health as well as pocket? Yes, both of them indeed! Why did I start it at the outset? I had started smoking in order to look mature, impressive and inspiring. Did I impress anybody? I don’t think I did. Indeed, I depressed quite a lot of people! They took my act of getting at cigarettes as childish. They thought of me as a highly immature person. Having known that it is bad for health, when I smoked made me look altogether insensible to all of my friends. Was the original purpose of it achieved? No, it had rather ruined my impression in my social circle. After the first sequence of questions made me realize that what I was doing was wrong, the next sequence of questions made me decide between whether I would continue with my habit or smoking or quit it. I resolved to go with the second option, because I had not been able to convince myself in the first session. It came to my mind that damage to health for four months is too less as compared to what it can be if I sustained the habit of smoking for four years, or perhaps, forty years! I had just started to damage my health and it would be very wise to just stop doing it, before it gets late. The third session of questions made me work the best way out of the problem. In order to get rid of smoking, I could either reduce the number of cigarettes I smoke on daily basis, and keep reducing the quantity to half in subsequent weeks, but it would take a lot of time and unnecessary calculation. I could quit smoking straightaway, but it would be too abrupt to do it, and I may not feel so positive about quitting once

Results of the Crusades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Results of the Crusades - Essay Example However, the main motivation behind the crusade of Muslims was the urge to spread their religion all over the world. This Muslim crusade started even before the crusade of Christianity in Europe. For instance, many Muslim clerics, scholars and activists were indulged in the crusade of Islamic group. The Christianity crusade was a failure and it weakened the position of Pope as a religious leader. The crusade degraded the strength of feudal nobility and decreased the power of kings of Europe. The Byzantine Empire was weakened by the fall of Constantinople and many knights got killed in the crusade. However in the crusade, the Chrisitans got advantages from the trade side. Due to crusade Europeans could avail themselves of cloth, spices and fruits from South Asian countries. This aspect was a benefit to both Muslim and Christians. According to the historical records, Islamic and Christian crusade fall on equal stands in regard to their benefit. However Islamic crusade success was very high compared to Christianity crusade because the war worn out empires of Byzantines and Persia was in power vaccum and Islam won these regions with less

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock - Essay Example Elliot has used his poetic skill to create a complex character study. He also creates an image of the period with ladies in long skirts; tea rooms; smoke from chimneys; smoggy evenings; a man in a morning suit with a high collar cutting into his chin. To some extent though the poem reflects, not just the society of the time, but also Elliot’s own place in it and his rather pessimistic view of his own situation. In this essay the poem will be considered as to how it reflects his life. Poetry Genius (2014) describes it as being :- The lines at the beginning are taken from Dante’s ‘Divine Comedy’ and are spoken by one of the damned souls in hell, Count Guido da Montefeltro, who describes how nobody ever returns from this dead state. Prufrock in this poem may be walking and talking in an earthly city, but in some senses he too is one of the living dead, observing society, yet not quite part of it. Prufrock has a companion, a listener to whom he says (line1) ‘Let us go then, you and I.’ It is unclear whether or not this listener is a real companion, or just Prufrock talking to his inner self as an internal monologue in which he describes himself in both negative and positive terms as when he says :- So he sees himself as a lesser figure, an attendant upon society, an extra in a film set perhaps, but with a role nevertheless. He then acts this out, by moving only on the very edges of society, in this case at the head of the stairs, rather in the room with the women talking about Michelangelo. They are interested in a great and admired artist, so why should women even notice him? Even the soot from the many chimneys falls upon him, making him even more invisible (line 19). The original title for the poem was ’Prufrock among the women’ (Cummings, undated). He isn’t interacting with them, and seems totally unable to. He is just there at the same time. Time seems to have stood still for him,

Political theatre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political theatre - Essay Example th such exclusive motive had been classified as political theatre, which is no more the case, as â€Å"in one way or another all performance and theatre can be seen as involved in discourses of power† (Baz Kershaw, The Radical in Performance, 1999, p63). As any work of art needs to hold up a faithful mirror to nature (Aristotle, Poetics), and political theatre in general aims at representing social, political, cultural problems to the audience, political theatre in the modern period does not only represent but politicizes the representations, by either breaking the traditional representations or reinforcing them. They are sometimes known as experimental theatre or post-modern theatre (Auslander, 1987). In a way, they are part of any representations in any theatre and there is no more a separate political theatre. This is true in the modern and post-modern context after the rise of radical thinking and modern theories which politicize the dichotomies in the society. Each theory focuses on specific aspects of dichotomies; for example, Feminism politicizes body, gender identities and the otherness of women, while Post-colonialism focuses on the problem of cultural identity and politics. However, each one of them is concerned about power relations in the society and focuses more on the differences than on the similarities, unlike Modernism. In this context, any representation and use of language is no more a narrative but becomes a part of discourse making any theatre a political theatre. According to Baz Kershaw, as a consequence of the radical change in the literary theory, there is no more exclusive political theatre but all performances are political discourses in some way (Baz Kershaw, The Radical in Performance, 1999). To trace the history of literary theory of drama, Aristotle’s Poetics offers the actors power to think and act on behalf of the audience enacting them thereby enabling catharsis; however, the radical change has empowered the audience and

History of Christianity Essay Example for Free

History of Christianity Essay Both Christianity and Judaism came from the same God. Both Judaism and Christianity share the same Old Testament as our holy scriptures. The foundations of faith in God are rooted in the Old Testament, so also that of the Jews, for their history and their laws are all in the Old Testament. Moreover, the entire Old Testament was written by Jews. The New Testament was also written by Jews with the exception of Luke. Judaism is the name that men have attached to the formative stages of biblical faith (Old Testament) and Christianity is the name that men have attached to the completing stage of biblical faith (New Testament). Mojzes Swidler, 2002) Christianity as a religion was an offshoot of Judaism. It has been said that Judaism does not need Christianity to explain its existence, but Christianity needs Judaism both to explain its existence and what it believes. Hence, Christianity has also been termed historically as the Judeo-Christian faith. In the early years of the Christian faith, Christianity was regarded as just another sect of Judaism known as the sect of the Nazarenes. The early disciples and the 12 Apostles were all Jewish. Apostle Paul even took a Nazarite vow to prove to his critics that he was a Torah-observant Jew. The term Christians surfaced only in AD 42 when the disciples were first called that in Antioch. The term gradually was adopted to differentiate believing Jews from unbelieving Jews and over time, it became a separate identity altogether. †¦dont boast as if you were better than the branches! However, if you do boast, remember that you are not supporting the root (Israels forefathers), the root is supporting you (Church). (Neuhaus, 2001) The exact origins of the Jewish faith are hard to pinpoint, and most of what is known comes from the Torah, the five books that make up the Jewish holy text and are also part of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. According to the Book of Genesis, the father of Judaism was a man called Abraham, who lived between about 2000 and 1500 BCE (Christianity and Islam also claim Abraham as an important religious figure). Abraham was born in Mesopotamia and later living in Egypt, was the first man according to Jewish religious texts, to promise to worship one god, Yahweh. Abraham spread this faith among his followers, and led them to settle in the land of Canaan. Abrahams grandson, Jacob, was renamed Israel by Yahweh, and he fathered twelve sons, who led what would come to be known as the twelve tribes of Israel. These Israelites, according to Judaisms religious teachings, were taken as slaves into Egypt, and led out of slavery by Moses. Moses was a Jewish Egyptian, who according to Jewish texts spoke directly to Yahweh. The freed Jewish slaves were recorded to have wandered for forty years in the desert of the Arabian Peninsula before settling back in the land of Canaan some time around 1200 BCE. One of the groups displaced by the establishment of Jewish kingdoms was a group called the Philistines. The Philistines called their lands by the name Palestine, a name for the lands once claimed by the Jews. The term Palestine came from the Roman Empire, which renamed the area as a punishment for a Jewish revolt against Roman rule around 135 CE. The term Palestine had long been favored by those who did not recognize the Jewish claim to the area. Perhaps as early as the fall of Judah in 586 BCE, Palestine became a term to deny the political claims Jews made in the region. From the fall of the early Jewish kingdoms, Jews lived as a minority population in Palestine and the Middle East at large. Depending on who exerted control over the region, and how stern they were about expressing that control, Jews experienced varying levels of freedom and persecution. Under the Persians, Jews were allowed to return to the region and to practice their religion freely, and were accorded a great deal of respect. During this time, Jews built a Second Temple on the site of the First, which had been destroyed by Babylonians. Under the Romans, however, they fared poorly. They were allowed to practice their religion, but were asked to declare their political allegiance to the Roman Empire. When Jews revolted against Roman rule in 66 CE, Roman troops ransacked the city of Jerusalem and destroyed the Jewish Second Temple. Conditions for Jews became even worse after the Jewish revolt of 135 CE, when Roman troops killed or enslaved thousands of Jews and destroyed numerous Jewish villages. Jews were forbidden to enter the holy city of Jerusalem, and thereafter the Jewish population was centered in the region called Galilee. The conditions experienced by these early Jews had a deep impact on their worldview. Jews expressed the feeling that only under Jewish rule would their rights, including access to their religious sites, be protected. This brought them into much conflict with other people living in the region. The Jews worship of a single god made theirs a minority religious viewpoint in the region during much of the rule of the Roman Empire, but the spread of Christianity, the religion created by the followers of Jesus Christ (c. 4 BCE–c. 29 CE), soon changed the religious balance. Jesus was a man of the Jewish faith who offered new interpretations of the role of God and the need for individuals to devote themselves to God. His teachings challenged some of the Jewish beliefs and often caused civil unrest that challenged Roman rule. Around 29 CE, Jesus was arrested by Jewish religious leaders who suggested that his teachings were disrespectful to God and were causing civil disobedience among his followers. Jesus was brought before a Roman governor in Palestine named Pontius Pilate who ordered the crucifixion of Jesus, a form of execution in which a person is nailed on a cross and left to die. According to Christian religious teaching, Jesus later rose from the dead and ascended to heaven, taking his place as the son of God. Most of the accounts of Jesus life and teachings are found in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Their exact historical accuracy has long been a source of disagreement. Whether or not the man Jesus actually existed in the way the Bible states, his followers believed that he was the son of God, sent to give a message to all mankind. They created a religion based on his teachings. Though it was based on the Jewish faith and claimed one god, Christianity stressed the role of personal salvation acquired through the acceptance of Jesus Christ as the son of God. It was, like Judaism, a monotheistic religion. Unlike Judaism, however, Christianity was an evangelical faith, which meant that its followers dedicated themselves to converting others to their faith. Over time, Christianity gained many followers who embraced the religions single god. Sometime around 312 CE the emperor Constantine, who ruled over what was then known as the Eastern Roman Empire (which controlled over half of the Middle East), embraced Christianity. Constantine proclaimed Christianity as the official religion of the empire, which later became known as the Byzantine Empire. The rise of Christianity dramatically changed the role of Palestine. Like Jews, Christians revered the holy places in Palestine, and especially in the city of Jerusalem. Christians also made holy places out of sites associated with the life and death of Jesus. But sharing holy sites did not necessarily mean that Jews and Christians got along. According to Charles Smith, editor of Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, Christians considered Jews to be rivals in Palestine, as well as a people who rejected Jesus as the savior sent by God. As a result, the Byzantines applied existing Roman laws limiting Jewish activities more rigorously and created new ordinances aimed at isolating the Jews. Though a monotheistic religion was now the dominant view, religion continued to be a source of conflict in the region. Christianity has one of the largest and most rapidly growing religious followings in Asia. The end of the Cold War and the Asian economic liberalization has encouraged both the flourishing of Christian evangelism and the rising prominence of Christianity in the public sector. There is a substantial shift in the balance of Christian populations from the North to the South. A few decades ago 70 percent of all evangelicals were in the â€Å"North,† primarily in the United States, today 70 percent are in the churches of the global South. The Catholic Church, which is projected to lose 20 million members in Europe in the first quarter of this century, will gain 100 million members in Africa, 50 million in Asia, and 140 million in Latin America. At the beginning of the 20th century, 81 percent of Christians were white. By the century’s end, that number was 45 percent.

Chaucers Models of Authorship and his Anxiety Essay Example for Free

Chaucers Models of Authorship and his Anxiety Essay Chaucers Models of Authorship and his Anxiety of Influence in the Prologue to the Legend of Good Women.  There is no doubt that Sir Geoffrey Chaucer placed immense value upon the integrity and accuracy of his work. This is clearly evident in the poem, Chaucers Wordes Unto Adam, his Owne Scriveyn, where he reprimands his scribe Adam for his negligence and over zealousness in copying texts he has given him. But after my makyng thow wryte more trewe, So ofte adaye I mot thy werk renewe,  It to correct and eke to rubbe and scrape,  And al is thorugh thy negligence and rape. (Chaucer, Adam 4-7)  It is a short, yet passionate poem as it succinctly illustrates the intense ferocity Chaucer felt toward Adam for altering his creations; as demonstrated when he calls down a plague upon poor Adams head! Chaucers preoccupation with the transmission of texts that are of quality and trewe spills over into another of his works, prologue to Legend of Good Women [G Text], in which he examines the whole concept of his responsibility as an author in a more holistic fashion. This essay seeks to discuss how Chaucer felt about his accountability as an author, translator and mediator of texts and the influences that fashioned his subjectivity as a writer. It also seeks to explore the anxiety that Chaucer displays in the prologue as to his justification as an author and his realisation of the influence that his subjectivity would have in the future on his readership. It is clear that about the time Chaucer commenced to write the prologue to the Legend of Good Women, that he was beginning to feel very self-aware of his impact upon his readers and his responsibility as an author. In a time when illiteracy rates were high and his works were scantly distributed among a privileged coterie, Chaucer began to awaken to his accountability to adequately transmit the truth of a text. Chaucer saw himself as the saviour of these tales, which only for his penning would be lost to the world forever. And if that olde bokes were aweye/ Yloren were of rememberance the keye (LGW 25-26). A most interesting metaphor that he uses to convey this in the prologue is the image of himself as the reaper of left over ears of corn thereby salvaging the tales and legends of old by committing them to the written word. For wel I wot that folk han here-beforn  Of makyng ropen, and lad awey the corn;  And I come after, glenynge here and there,  And am ful glad if I may fynde an ere  Of any goodly word that they han left (LGW 61-65).  Chaucer saw himself as undertaking the labour of collecting, recording and translating these stories, at times even reconstituting them using his own discretion As of the lef again the flour to make (LGW 71-72). Chaucers labour of love was to remember these stories and in doing so form a bedrock upon which to establish English as a literary language his flowers will become the bread upon which English literature will be sustained. It is also interesting to note that Chaucer uses a specific flower as the metaphor for his works the daisy. This is a simple, humble, unpretentious flower perhaps a metaphor for the English vernacular: numerous but unadorned. Chaucer blatantly announced in the prologue, his ultimate objective in the compilation of these tales was, The naked text in English to declare (LGW 86). Using the English vernacular, over French and Latin, Chaucer wanted to establish the artistic integrity of the English language and he did this with fabulous success. Less than a century later, Thomas Hoccleve canonised Chaucer as a literary progenitor, as a quasi-religious icon, as a model of authoritative advice, and as the founder of a national poetic tradition (Perkins, 103), in the im mortal lines: My deere maistir, God his soule qwyte, And fadir, Chaucer, fayn wolde han me taght,  But I was dul and lerned lyte or naght. (Hoccleve, 2077-2079)  It is possible that Chaucer projected that his name would be draped with the mantle of a title so weighted with reverence and respect as the father and creator of a literary tradition and it is evident a certain anxiety about his role as the author is manifested in the prologue to Legend. It is unusual that a 14th century author would be concerned about his bearing over a text as this view to the writing and development of an authors work is commonly associated with the Modernist approach to literary theory which was first brought into vogue during the 20th century. In practical terms, Chaucer understood that in each text he wrote, there was a part of him in it it was subjective. Chaucer was the vital and central ingredient to the flower that he had reconstructed. In the prologue Chaucer thoroughly considered his credibility as an author and translator of these stories, contemplating the influences and modes of authorship, which had constructed and influenced his own style.

Activity based costing and problems it could solve

Activity based costing and problems it could solve Activity based costing is a management accounting technique that deals with assigning of the overhead costs in a more logical manner as compared to the traditional approach that deals with only allocating the costs based on the machine hours. This approach is based on assigning the costs first to their related activities and then finally assigning the costs of those activities to the products that only demand these activities. Activity based costing recognizes that the machine setup, special testing, and special engineering all cause a company to consume resources. This is the reason as to why this technique calculates the cost of these resources and then assigns them to the products that demanded the activities (Accounting Coach, 2004). As the environment of the manufacturing firm moves from a manual system to a computer-integrated manufacturing there is the emergence of conventional cost systems that may release report of distorted products. Therefore, activity based costing will save this problem by collecting financial and operational performance by performing the activity of tracing the significant activities of the operation to their final products more effectively. Activity based costing will perform the following activities in cost management; identifying the activity centers, selecting the first cost drivers, and reporting the cost activities. After this there follows the process of implementation that ensures corrects utilization of the technique in cost management (Klener and No, 1997). Activity Based Costing can support the managers in trying to see how to maximize the shareholders value and also improve the general corporate governance. It started its function after bringing in more advantages as compared to the traditional way of accounting. In the traditional way of accounting, it was believed that the high volume customers mean high level of profits. But this is not the case of decision making on activity based costing. ABC model came with a new version which based decision making by managers on identifying the cost pools in an organization and then assigning the cost drivers i.e. services by considering the number of events or transactions that are involved in the process of producing a particular product (Value Based Management.net, 2010) In any particular company, the cost serving a customer can be determined individually basing on the costing activities. This can be done by deducting the product cost and also the cost of serving each customer in order to arrive at the productivity. By doing this one can be able to identify the profitability of each customer and hence position the products and services accordingly. This is a practical application of this type of model when dealing with costs. In addition to that, the ABC model helps to make the employees to understand the various types of costs involved. It also the helps them analyze the cost, value added and non-value added activities and thus enabling them to realize the benefits accrued from the products and services produced (Value Based Management.net, 2010). In cost management and decision making, Activity Based Costing has also an extension known as the Activity Based Management that fully touches all aspects of management costing. This allows the management to examine the non-value-added activities and hence make rational decisions on them. This technique in ABC model relies on the ABC system in specifying where the non-value-added activities exist and hence provide the value and amount of monetary benefits that are associated with their elimination. The other side of the valueà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬added costing is fully dealt with in the full model Activity Based (ABC) Model (Dunn, 2004, p.2). Activity Based Costing has been adopted by many countries in different sectors around the world. Different sectors in the world economies have been modified and hence their cost management techniques simplified by the use of this model. For example, sectors of the economy such as the manufacturing industry, banking industry, retail industry, and even the government have a perfectly implemented ABC model in their management costing. Japan provides a much more experimental case study for our discussion. There was a great impact of the innovations of the cost accounting technique, basically ABC, on the technology trigger (an external impetus that stimulates innovation) between the years 1984-1997. This was particularly applied on both the electronic and automotive sector. In the past it was believed that, the causes of low wage labor and undervalued currencies were the innovative management practices, just-in-time material flow of systems, statistical process control and continuous improvement. There was also the issue of unfair competition and adoption of inappropriate management practices from other companies (Accounting Coach, 2004). As a result of this, there was the emergence of new costing approaches in several manufacturing industries including the automotive industry. This was after the realization that the cost accounting systems used at that time were associated with negative operational and strategic consequences. For example, the Tektronix Company started allocating manufactured overheads to the specific products based on the direct labor. This encouraged the engineers to design products that required less labor to manufacture as compared to the past years. This method provided the engineers with a much cheaper way of making decisions (Turney, 2008, p.3). The elimination of the behavioral distortion that was inherent in the used cost accounting system helped the Tektronix Company to compete. Another sector where the ABC method was implemented and used is the business sector and offering of financial services. With most technologies, the development of the first generation methods encouraged the development of the ABC market. A large number of consulting firms started building up the ABC practices in the late 1980à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s and early 1990à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s with an introduction of the first commercially available ABC software. By the invention of this method, there was an increase in the level of profitability ratio by these consultancy firms. This was because ABC acted as a catalyst for decision making that is affecting the profitability level and was able to reveal sources of the loss that were responsible for the decline of the profitability level (Liu and Pan, 2007). The method helped the consultancy firms to develop new focus on the profitable markets and customers, design products to remove cost, and eliminate the non-value a dded activities. Activity Based Costing is being used by a number of companies in different sectors of the economy. For example, in the healthcare industry activity based costing has provided an easier way of dealing issues regarding the provision of health services and products to its citizens. Most of the hospitals like Al Mowasat Hospital, Armed Force Hospital and King Faisal Hospital have benefited so much from the technique of activity based cost management (ABM) systems (Aird, 1988). This has enabled the hospitals to improve their quality and efficiency in healthcare service provision with consideration of the cost controls and resource management. Another sector that has expressed much utilization of the ABC method in Saudi Arabia is the Oil Industry. The oil industry is faced with a high level of competition associated with higher costs. Therefore to be able to survive in this market, a firm needs to manage cost, quality, and product or service through an effective cost management method. Saudi Arabian Oil Company is one of the of the petroleum companies that has a vast petroleum reserves that is unmatched in any part of the world. For the company to survive in the competitive oil market it uses a number of systems for cost control such as, design for manufacturing, quality management and most importantly activity based costing as one of its core perspectives (Galbraith et al, 1998). Activity Based Costing has provided a new approach in solving cost management problems in many industries in Germany. For example, Market-Trading is a German enterprise that sells mainly high quality and highly furnished products to the retailers, whole sellers and even retailers. This company has implemented the model of Activity Based Costing that tries to allocate the costs to the related final products before releasing them off to the market. Through this method there has been an increased competitive advantage gained by the firm in the market of competition. This is the sector of business trading dealing with provision of goods and services. In the construction industry, there has been experienced more utilization of the ABC method by many firms. For example, the EU Solar Systems Limited brings together a unique team of fields of construction, sales, information technology and engineering. Their main products include distribution of solar panels and related solar products. Due t o the high level of costs incurred in this production process, the EU solar company manages its costs by using a well defined cost accounting system basically the ABC model (Polejewski, 1990, p.4). There are a number of issues managers in an emerging economy face when trying to implement the ABC method in a firm. One of the major issues that surround the ABC method is the difficulty of implementation. What proves difficult is the issue of allocation of property. This is because it requires a lot of effort utility and that the processes are adequately mapped throughout the organization. In the emerging economies where there is inadequate utility effort implementing the ABC model is likely to be more cumbersome. In addition to that, most of the emerging economies lack an appropriate way of approaching the implementation. Rationalizing facilities, identifying the opportunities and then conceptualizing proper solutions are a challenge to these economies due to lack of skilled manpower in the management level (RCG University, 1999). Activity Based Costing makes a lot of sense to companies that produce a varied range of products or services and those that are suffering from inaccurate costing information. For these companies the issue of implementation is not such a big challenge, this is because the effort that is required to successfully implement ABC is worth their resources. The emerging economies mostly lack large companies that offer multiple products, therefore the cost of implementing the ABC model is really a challenge to a manager of that company. Businesses are competing in an ever-changing competitive globe. Therefore companies are supposed to fully implement and apply the ABC system in order to become more productive, efficient and profitable and therefore earn a competitive advantage over other companies. This means that there is need for careful analysis done by managers before shifting into new methods and techniques of decision making. Therefore, an additional investment should be put aside for proper analysis of the different types of cost techniques (Klener and No, 1997). These additional costs are a challenge to the managers of firms in an emerging economy due to limited number of resources. There are many challenges that a manager can face when trying to implement the ABC model in the emerging economies. First there are challenges in trying to design and build a model. This challenge is more rampant in the developing economies due to lack of adequate resources available for a firm to be in a position of implementing the model with less cost burden. Updating and maintaining the model requires an additional investment or cost to the small companies. Gathering and integrating data requires a higher level of skilled personnel that is at a lower level as compared to the stable economies (Galbraith et al, 1998). Finally, reporting and disseminating the integrated data, analyzing it and coming out with relevant decisions son cost management is also another challenge to most firms. ABC model has been implemented over time by many companies that experience rising level of costs. Their main aim is to reduce costs and increase the level of productivity. However, due to some reasons some companies have reported successful implementation while others have reported problems with implementation of the systems or have rejected them. This difference occurs due to a number of varied reasons (Klener and No, 1997). Some companies that report positive feedback on the implementation of the ABC model state that some of their existing tools allow for a much quicker development of such cost management models. This ability comes from the quality of modern tools and the learning curve. This differs greatly through different industries. For those firms that have old-fashioned technology are seen to face much rejection towards implementation of the ABC model (Liu and Pan, 2007). An example of the modern technology that most up-to date firms use when implementing new cost management methods is the ABC software which is a specialized tool for the ABC method. For the ABC technique to have an impact on a companyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s cost management there is need of allocating time for it to be successfully implemented. Most companies allow a long duration of time for acceptance and understanding because of the associated their long learning curves. This may lead to a higher accumulation of costs as a result of the pooled up costs associated with the implementation of the cost management technique. It is also understood that changes is not something that something that people readily accept. A company will be willing to allow its objectives to grow as their understanding of the cost management technique that had been implemented in that particular organization (Klener and No, 1997). This obviously differs from one company to another thus bringing about a difference in their implementation styles. Implementation of the ABC method into a company system requires that the company to which this system is to be implemented to have the required resources and capacity to be able to accommodate the system. Companies with adequate amount of resources are at a higher probability of accommodating the changes brought about by the new implemented cost management model. This is because the adequate resources can support the additional costs that are required for successful implementation of the model. On the other hand, companies with lower amount of resources or capital base will take a long duration of time to implement the system or they might report failure in the implementation process. This is because; the new system will seem to be an additional cost towards the company which may not be accommodated by many small firms (Liu and Pan, 2007). For the success of a company in implementing the ABC model, there must be the top management perfect involvement. For a company that has top management support provides an opportunity for the success of the implementation of the ABC model. The corporate culture of the top-to-down management in the instigation of the adoption of the management innovations will determine the success of the effective cost management. For example due to the hierarchical nature of the organization and taking into consideration of high proportion of dedicated professionals determines the success of the implementation of the ABC system within the organization (Liu and Pan, 2007). Firms that report success in the implementation of the ABC model means that the model is applicable in their firms. On the other hand, for those that report failure show that the model is not applicable for their cost management systems. For example, firms that have multiple service and product provision are at a higher probability of accepting this model than firms with limited or one line of service and product provision (Dunn, 2004, p.4). Therefore, implementation of the ABC model also goes hand in hand with the applicability of the model in the company. In general, activity based costing method is beneficial to firms that want to increase their profitability level above the normal level and for those that want to manage the product associated costs more effectively. From the essay we have seen how this model has been widely used and accepted by firms in different countries and how it has assisted in proper cost management. However, for the firm to successfully use the model there is need for proper implementation process that assures the company of perfect utility of the technique. For the firms that have successfully implemented the ABC model they enjoy reduced costs, higher profit levels and better management of the product associated costs. Therefore, ABC is seen to be both a cost-increasing factor and a cost-reducing factor. But the benefits that arise from the model are far much higher such that the costs of implementing the model are not felt.

L.A. Gang Member by Sanyika Shakur Essay -- Monster Autobiography L.A.

L.A. Gang Member by Sanyika Shakur Kody Scott grew up in South Central L.A. during the nineteen-sixties and seventies, soon after the creation of the Crips. Raised in poverty without a father, and a full family raised solely by his mother, Kody Scott led the stereotypical â€Å"ghetto† life, a poor and broken home. However he does not blame this on his own personal decision to join the Crips while only eleven year’s old. The allure of the respect and â€Å"glory† that â€Å"bangers† got, along with the unity of the â€Å"set†(name for the specific gang) is what drew him into the gang. Once joined, he vowed to stay in the â€Å"set† for life, and claimed that banging was his life. After many years of still believing this, he eventually realized that the thug life was no longer for him, and that gangs were a problem on society and the â€Å"Afrikan† race(page 382-383). In his book â€Å"Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member†, he tells of his life story and how he came and left the gang life. For thirteen years he was a member of the Eight Tray Gangsters, a set of the Crips, and throughout the book he explains, sometimes in full detail, the life he led while in the gang and his many times in jail and prison. These life stories he tells, include drive-byes, shootouts in supermarkets, parks, streets, houses etc., fist fights, group beatings, kidnapings, doing drugs, selling drugs, car-jacks, amputation, robbery, friend’s deaths, enemies’ deaths, being shot, knife fights, police abuse, jail riots, jail rapes and any other part of the gang life possible. Now if possible, imagine that this all happened within thirteen years, and to a teenager. These crimes, more specifically the brutal ones, are what got him his nickname â€Å"Monster Kody†. None of this really affected him though, until when in jail, he was c onverted to a Muslim, when he changed his name to Sanyika Shakur. However, it took him a while to realize that what he was doing was wrong and it was not what he wanted to do for the rest of his life. Although he now realized this, it wasn’t because of religion really, but more for the survival and advancement of the â€Å"Afrikan† race, as he was now becoming more and more politically and morally conscious(page 277). After coming and going out of prison, he was struggling between the two lives he was trying to lead, one as a banger and the other as a leader for the â€Å"Afrikan†... ...left the gang life behind in order to raise his family in a safer environment and also to settle his conscience down and feel better about himself. In conclusion, Kody Scott a.k.a. Sanyika Shakur, used this book as a tool to help let society know the dangers of the gang life, and possibly some advice to help prevent gangs from growing and spreading, and also to prevent his past from becoming somebodies future. Which is best summed up in his last paragraph from the book in which he states: â€Å"How do we come to grips with the fact that this thing has gotten way too real, out of control like some huge snowball running down a hill, threatening to smash and kill all in it’s path, including those who originally fashioned it? Time is of the essence, and every thinking person with a stake in life-especially those involved in the fighting-should put forth an effort, something more concrete than a â€Å"media truce,† to deal with this tragedy. The children deserve to have a descent childhood where they live. They shouldn’t have to be uprooted to the suburbs to experience peace. We cannot contaminate them with our feuds of madness, which are predicated on factors over which we have no control.†

Long Days Journey into Night Eugene by ONeill - Character Analysis of Mary :: Long Days Journey into Night

Long Day's Journey into Night Eugene by O'Neill - Character Analysis of Mary In the play  ¡Ã‚ °Long Day ¡Ã‚ ¯s Journey into Night, ¡Ã‚ ± by Eugene O ¡Ã‚ ¯Neill, the writer depicts a typical day of the Tyrone family, whose once-close family has deteriorated over the years for a number of reasons: Mary ¡Ã‚ ¯s drug addiction, Tyrone Jamie and Edmund ¡Ã‚ ¯s alcoholism, Tyrone ¡Ã‚ ¯s stinginess, and the sons` pessimistic attitude toward future. In the play, all of the four characters are miserable about life, and they all remember the past and try to escape from reality by drinking alcohol or taking drugs. Among these four characters, Mary is a typical and special one; she is the most tragic character in the play. She used to be an innocent girl with beautiful dreams (to become a nun and a pianist) and a strong religious faith centered on the Virgin Mary. However, her marriage destroyed her dreams and weakened her faith. Her husband Tyrone fails to realize the promises he made to Mary, which makes her lose her faith in the marriage. The morphine addi ction drags her down and makes her unconscious about whether she lives in the past or present. The title of the play is a  ¡Ã‚ °Long Day ¡Ã‚ ¯s Journey into Night ¡Ã‚ ±, but Mary, as she keeps taking morphine, travels mentally back to the past when she has fewer problems and happier life. Thus, for Mary, it is actually a long day ¡Ã‚ ¯s journey into the past. In Act One, there are three points that are important to the developing of the character of Mary. One is that she realizes her beauty is fading away, and she is in the stages of decline; another is that she refuses to admit that there is a health problem with her and her son Edmund. Finally, there is the issue of Mary ¡Ã‚ ¯s specific idea of what a  ¡Ã‚ °home ¡Ã‚ ± is. At the beginning of the play, Tyrone and Jamie stare at Mary, and make her self-conscious (p27); they talk about her hair and remember the beautiful hair that Mary had when she was young. Mary realizes that she is getting old and she is very anxious about this, which is reflected when she asks people what is wrong with her hair several times. One of Mary ¡Ã‚ ¯s central flaws is her refusal to admit that there is a problem with herself or Edmund. She lies to her family many times about being cured, and she blames them for suspecting her. Long Day's Journey into Night Eugene by O'Neill - Character Analysis of Mary :: Long Day's Journey into Night Long Day's Journey into Night Eugene by O'Neill - Character Analysis of Mary In the play  ¡Ã‚ °Long Day ¡Ã‚ ¯s Journey into Night, ¡Ã‚ ± by Eugene O ¡Ã‚ ¯Neill, the writer depicts a typical day of the Tyrone family, whose once-close family has deteriorated over the years for a number of reasons: Mary ¡Ã‚ ¯s drug addiction, Tyrone Jamie and Edmund ¡Ã‚ ¯s alcoholism, Tyrone ¡Ã‚ ¯s stinginess, and the sons` pessimistic attitude toward future. In the play, all of the four characters are miserable about life, and they all remember the past and try to escape from reality by drinking alcohol or taking drugs. Among these four characters, Mary is a typical and special one; she is the most tragic character in the play. She used to be an innocent girl with beautiful dreams (to become a nun and a pianist) and a strong religious faith centered on the Virgin Mary. However, her marriage destroyed her dreams and weakened her faith. Her husband Tyrone fails to realize the promises he made to Mary, which makes her lose her faith in the marriage. The morphine addi ction drags her down and makes her unconscious about whether she lives in the past or present. The title of the play is a  ¡Ã‚ °Long Day ¡Ã‚ ¯s Journey into Night ¡Ã‚ ±, but Mary, as she keeps taking morphine, travels mentally back to the past when she has fewer problems and happier life. Thus, for Mary, it is actually a long day ¡Ã‚ ¯s journey into the past. In Act One, there are three points that are important to the developing of the character of Mary. One is that she realizes her beauty is fading away, and she is in the stages of decline; another is that she refuses to admit that there is a health problem with her and her son Edmund. Finally, there is the issue of Mary ¡Ã‚ ¯s specific idea of what a  ¡Ã‚ °home ¡Ã‚ ± is. At the beginning of the play, Tyrone and Jamie stare at Mary, and make her self-conscious (p27); they talk about her hair and remember the beautiful hair that Mary had when she was young. Mary realizes that she is getting old and she is very anxious about this, which is reflected when she asks people what is wrong with her hair several times. One of Mary ¡Ã‚ ¯s central flaws is her refusal to admit that there is a problem with herself or Edmund. She lies to her family many times about being cured, and she blames them for suspecting her.

The Beginning of Autumn :: essays research papers

The beginning of autumn It had been raining all day, and Irma had started to feel the symptoms of the flu. She always suffered during the season of allergies, and autumn always brought dust with it. At the end of the day, Enrique, her husband, came home and asked her to accompany him to Monterrey the next day. He was in the middle of a big deal of his professional career, and someone wanted him over there taking charge of his business, it was imperative he attend that appointment! It was the only opportunity he had or they would hire someone else for the new position. In her rushed packing she included some newborn’s clothes into their baggage by mistake. She had planned to stop by the hospital to pay the balance for her new daughter’s delivery scheduled the following month, but she wouldn't have time. They woke up early in the next morning and she felt worse with her flu and allergies, so she decided to take some medicine, â€Å"once we got there, I will be ok, and then we'll come back, and I will be able to rest† she thought. They arrived at the bus station and on the way Enrique bought a newspaper. The top heading read move to â€Å"NY Mets go into 1st place after trailing for 12 games†(citation. He got excited because his father had always followed the Mets very closely (Escobar). They arrived around 5:00 in the morning, and stopped for something to eat. Enrique’s appointment was schedule for 9:00 a.m., so they had enough time to get breakfast. She got out of the car, and she felt a little dizzy, but she didn't give it any importance. They entered the restaurant, and she asked for her favorite meal, â€Å"Machacado con huevo†. As she was about to take the first bite, she felt water between her legs. â€Å"Oh my God!!! Its time†, she screamed. Enrique paid the check without eating anything and asked for the closest hospital. As soon as Irma got into the car, she fainted. Enrique was so nervous that he overlooked the first hospital in sight and kept driving. Finally they reached a hospital and the helped him to get Irma inside. They didn’t even register but went directly into the delivery room. It took more that three hours to pull her child out; Irma was unconscious. Finally, the clock announced nine o’clock and he then realized that he has missed the appointment, yet the sound of the new baby’s screaming got him from his thoughts, it was their baby! It was a chubby baby girl that weighted 9 pounds!

Mohandas Ghandi’s Resistance speech Essay

Wide spectrums of attitudes arise when comparing and contrasting the writings of Gandhi and George Orwell. The oppressive British system of government in India provides the motive for Gandhi’s â€Å"Defending Nonviolent Resistance† speech. George Orwell conveys peevishness of the same system–the British government by the shooting of an elephant and the repercussions of the event. The overall attitude in Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant leans toward resentment of both government and murder, while the overall attitude in Gandhi’s Defending Nonviolent Resistance inclines toward the uprising of government and nonviolent protest. Both writers share attitudes, however both writers convey opposing attitudes towards their government. Mohandas Gandhi emphasizes the use of non-violence in his speech and employs the principle of â€Å"spiritual leadership†¦to achieve political goals through non-violent resistance.†(Gandhi 975) Gandhi’s essay accents the need for Indian freedom. Gandhi’s attitude stressed for the British system of government to change. Gandhi states the overall attitude of the essay, â€Å"I wanted to avoid violence, I want to avoid violence. Nonviolence is the first article of my faith. It is also the last article of my creed.† (Gandhi 976) Gandhi writes this to state his belief in nonviolent forms of rebellion. Instead, Gandhi’s belief that peaceful measures harvest a greater impact on the people creates a greater outcome. Gandhi decides to go against the government of the land, the British government. Gandhi states, â€Å"But I had to make my choice. I had either to submit to a system which I considered had done an irreparable harm to my country, or incur the risk of the mad fury of my people bursting forth, when they understood the truth from my lips† (Gandhi 976). Clearly, Gandhi’s attitude towards British rule played into a negative path of rebellion which eventually led to his arrest and future Indian independence. George Orwell does not stir up any rebellions with the government; however, Orwell plays a major role in British Government in India. â€Å"I was subdivisional police officer of the town, and in an aimless, petty kind of way anti-European feeling was very bitter† states Orwell (Orwell 939). Even though Orwell ranks highly in the British system, as did Gandhi at one time, Orwell and Gandhi do not agree with the system they work for. Proof of  Orwell’s sentiment, â€Å"In a job like that you see the dirty work of Empire at close quarters† (940) provides the reader with Orwell’s attitude towards government. Although Orwell does not comply with the system, Orwell continues to work under the government. Gandhi states many times that the system of rule does not justify the people in India. Insight into many historical events, provided in Gandhi’s speech allows the reader to view great details of the continuing pressures of Indian injustice. Gandhi addresses his first moment of resentment into the British system, â€Å"The first shock came in the shape of the Rowlatt Act, a law designed to rob the people of all real freedom†(Gandhi 977). The tone of the passage begins to rise into disaffection from this moment forward. Later in the speech, Gandhi directly accuses the British system, † I came reluctantly to the conclusion that the British connection had made India more helpless than she ever was before, politically and economically† (Gandhi 978). Gandhi’s attitude towards the system causes him to stir up a rebellion and thus, go upon a judge to suffer a sentence of six years in prison. Orwell and Gandhi contrast in attitudes when they separate into different sides of the system. Gandhi realizes the British rule in India only oppresses his people, while Orwell is a police officer that essentially performs any and all tasks assigned to him, regardless of virtue or morality. When Orwell solves the problem of shooting a ravaging elephant, the British government proudly acknowledges the act. â€Å"Besides, legally I had done the right thing, for a mad elephant has to be killed,† writes Orwell (Orwell 945). Orwell, in many ways, disagrees with shooting, but in the end of the story, Orwell writes, â€Å"I often wondered whether any of the others grasped that I had done it solely to avoid looking a fool†(Orwell 945). Orwell’s attitude is somewhat hypocritical because he does not agree with the killing, but does it anyway so he can please his superiors. Gandhi, who once worked successfully as a servant to the British government, comes to a conclusion that the system can no longer oppress his people. Gandhi turns into a political, spiritual leader in the cause to gain Indian freedom and independence. Gandhi goes before a judge and clearly states his reasons why the judge and the system must go. Gandhi tells the judge, â€Å"if you believe  that the system and the law you are assisting to administer are good for the people of this country and that my activity is therefore injurious to the public weal† (Gandhi 979). The speech made by Mohandas Gandhi before a judge, under the British system, speaks for itself. Gandhi provides reasons why the system failed to suit the needs of his people. George Orwell writes about the innocent, yet mandated shooting of an elephant, brought upon by the system. Both writers describe their events with comparing and contrasting attitudes. When comparing the attitudes Gandhi who at one time worked under the system with full allegiance, goes before the system and rejects it completely, while Orwell works under the system but does not question it under authority. When contrasting their overall attitudes towards the system, Orwell continues to work as a British official, but deep down inside, knows the oppressive nature of the system. Orwell’s attitude is hypocritical, while Gandhi chooses to fight the system.

Baroque Painting Analysis

Baroque devil Pieces, Two Styles Procaccini versus Le Nain Art has changed immensely by extinct its existence in enter history. It has progressed from cave drawings to sanitary-favou florid faculty member altogethery expert polished switchs of tenderly cultured machination. The transformations which modern-day (for the magazine) op sequencetives made be remarkable. Their extraordinarily deft artificeric heart and soul of attentions give personal art objectner to the magnificent brush utilisation their brains and exceeds technically construct. These ideas atomic number 18 seen quite plainly in the M manipulationum of al repair Arts Koch Gallery. This corporationive outer space houses or so of the close to amazing fine art from somewhat of the most famous artists.The space is constructed to a greater extent handle in the Academic beauty parlour in that the pieces ar arranged at distinguishable levels dictating their grandeur. The more than(prenom inal) than influential and vigorous-crafted whole kit and caboodle ar hung at eye level, piece of music the pieces that atomic number 18 non as passing regarded by the salon atomic number 18 hung either high above view or below the better pieces. Two get a plications which fair happen to be aligned and positi wholenessd at eye level, stand out amongst the beautiful plant contact them. The pieces argon Giulio Cesargon Procaccinis The Scourging of christ and Mathieu Le Nains The sepulture of christ. The two whole caboodle broaden practically to the mantrap.In both delineations the artist depicts a bad-tempered moment in the last-ditch expiration of deliveryman rescuer. Al wholeness individually work thunder mugnister be decode and interpreted in many remedy smarts but together the two im whiles b overtakingom out up a world of channel and viewpoints of differing appearances and influences. Giulio Cesare Procaccini was born in Bologna, Italy and about 10 years later moved to Milan where he flourished as a churrigueresquenessness sculptor and acheter Procaccinis work was excessively influenced by the mannerist dah, a style that his find worked in. Milan and Italy in general, in the early s til nowteenth century was a booming artist Mecca.Artists like Caravaggio, Gentileschi, as well as Procaccini were do major advances in the baroqueness style. The determine of religious and historical mise en scenes was pivotal in the early baroque paintings seen at the period of Procaccinis professional career. The working such as Caravaggios sepulchre as well as The diversity of Saint Paul shed whatever exculpated onto the influences of Procaccini. Much of Italy at the clip had an eye for the theatrical and dramatic. This period motto intense motions, senses and wispying. Giulio Cesare Procaccinis The Scourging of messiah usher out be seen as the definition of the lending of the baroque style with that of the mannerist . With its immense sizing the artist is able to fully voice the space and fit in the prerequisite information. The forms in the formation are laid in a mien that the pattern is symmetrical on all sides. The painting is only a fine assign of what is unquestionablely occurring in the scene. The frame in of the piece works as a steering for our brain to only see what is frame up in the lead us, but we essential case further and put ourselves in the actual event and feel the crowd some us. The crowd cant be seen but implied by the stocky sketch surrounding the worshipfully lit the Nazarene.The frame works as an isolation for the pain and loneliness that can be seen in the eyes of Jesus. Procaccinis decision to effect Jesus in small-arm speaks volumes to what he is trying to evoke from the numerateer. Jesus is seen limitation to a small backbone manduction the center of the composition. With all the motion surrounding him, Jesus seems silent and alone in his pain. The painting composition can be considered complex as well as simple at the same judgment of conviction. The mass of social movement of the characters and tension seen in the murkily lit corners would classify the painting as complex.In telephone line to that categorization, Jesus with the use of strong swooning and shade is seen some only by himself. Jesus is center in front of four other move intos that are all arranged in a musical mode that the two-baser has equal heaviness on all sides and all the corners are furnish evenly. The use of exposed kind in repetition is used scratch with the soldier to the left, continuing to Jesus and finally to the older adult male option the rat right of the composition. This use of this repetition is a nice touch and stick outs the viewer to look at every bit the surfaces of the piece.The scale and proportion of the dates are all equal lending into the rigourousness of the scene in the space. Procaccinis main(preno minal) objective in the painting is for the viewer to focus solely on the reckons, negating to even hint at a background. The forms of the figures are so well constructed that they allow the forms to put on a three dimensional shape. This helps throw the idea of space on an other than flat canvas. The figures that aggressively lurk in the background are caught in a moment in sequence average before Jesus is repeatedly whipped.Procaccini cleverly links this very Italianesque painting with its unstained routes by covering the figure safe about to whip Jesus with the harry in a tralatitious turban, an pellucid touch of the shopping mall East. This accurate depiction of groom is in contrast to the roman print soldier that ultimately wouldnt tolerate been present at this moment in history. The soldier does serve a mathematical function in establishing baroque classicism in the treatment of his drapery as well as his beautifully articulated musculature, curing the presenc e of baroque classicism.The older gentleman visualized to the right of Jesus is smelling(p) of Bronzinos father beat. The posture of both this gentleman and father time are somewhat similar and to a fault the mien both artists entertain treated his age relative to his younger strong build. This may be a subtle way of saying that Christs time on earth may be drawing to a close. It may have also served as a way to motivate the citizens to make the most of their time on earth. Line is not a very vital part of the composition and general makeup of the image.In fact, few lines can be seen in the structural lines of the pillar that Jesus is bound to. However, one line of importance leads from the left foot of Jesus, up his thigh and through his torso, shooting our eye up from Jesus dust to the run off wielding hand of the figure about to locomote him. These implied lines summarize geometric quality as well as move the viewers eye in the places the artist wishes. Jesus system a lso hints at a mannerist influence in that the frame has an organic flow and use of serpentinata. It is evident in the contrapposto or weight substitution that causes the carcass to form a catamenia S shape.Playing a subtle contribution in the succeeder of the piece, twine is hinted in small areas but is overtaken with the dim lighting. chromatic is present in the upper right hand corner on the well-crafted garment of yet another scourge wielding citizen. safekeeping with symmetry, Procaccini places a splash of red in the form of the soldiers drapery. With gloss impacting the overall image in a somewhat small way, it allows for the use of light to make more of an impact. The lighting in The Scourging of Christ is without saying, breathtaking. Much like Caravaggio, Procaccini has get the hang the use of Tenebrism.Christ is seen vibrantly lit in the center illuminated before a gamey dismal scene unfolding throne him. In this situation, the image is depicting Christ so ther efore the light can be considered divine. The divine light is deteriorate down from god upon Jesus and works as a way to almost calm the situation and say to Jesus and the viewer that it is ok, that hes suffering for the good of all mankind. This strong meat can be classified as baroque psychology, where the viewer is emotionally and spiritually connected. Procaccinis understanding of how he humankind condition reacts to certain things aid his artwork in a way that he knows the right outlet to reach his listening through. In this case it is the divine hand or light of God. Without having a defined background and use of piece of papers the artist uses the sleek light and contrasting biasedness around it to allow for space to be viewed. As said before, Jesus is the foremost figure due to Tenebrism and the subsequent figures are depicted in space behind. The smooth renewal from the divine lit areas, to the darker more undefined corners of the composition are extremely success ful.For the divine light to hit Christ and not stray far-off from the small beam from his pale skin requires calm and mensurable style strokes. This transition only works well with this type of paint application. The exact strokes give it a photographic like quality that capture the scene simply how it occurs without the abstraction of strokes like that of Rembrandt. This snapshot of a second in time and the respectable rendering of the scene all work together in allowing the scene to nonplus real and the viewer to become emotionally moved and involved.None of this is by chance Procaccini has skilfully laid out every grimace of the piece from the narrative, to the characters, as well as the emotions this piece would evoke. This take on a classic scene is timeless and his ascendance of the baroque and mannerist styles are expertly crafted. In a rather stark contrast to Procaccinis rendering of Christ before his time of death, Mathieu Le Nain has created The Entombment of Chri st, a depiction of Christ after(prenominal) he was taken from the cross. Mathieu Le Nain was one of three brothers who were well known french baroque artists in the 17th century.The French baroque style is quite different to that of the baroque styles practiced in grey and Eastern Europe, in particular, those found in Italy by artists such as Caravaggio and Procaccini. This style adheres to more of an academic rule, in that its very cold and geometrically placed. The paintings drop the emotion expressed by baroque artists with different cultural influences. The French style has a certain order and spruceness of placement. Nains piece is of a outstanding scale allowing for many figures to be fully articulated in the space and also for the addition of a adorn filling up the background.The eye of the viewer is carried from the right side of the piece inward to the left. internal meaning, the eye is brought from the foreground on the figure scene and gets pulled into the composi tion towards the landscape scene unfolding in the back. Pictured far in the background in an oddly scaled cross, quite possibly the one Christ was crucified on. The skewing of the size, scale and proportion must be the artists try on at making Jesus alienate larger than life, larger than the common mans comprehension pain and sacrifice.The soldiers depicted closer to the viewer are surface in a proper way in relation to their distance from the viewer. The cropping of the image is placed so that we register a lot of information yet we admiration what is beyond the visual plane Nain has allowed us. The composition, with compliancy to the figures, is heavily weighed to the right side of the piece. The use of an even number of figures with Christ centered allows for an eye, pleasing symmetry. The figures Nain depicts surrounding the dead body of Christ are created and placed in a way that the pale dead body of Christ is viewed first and with more importance.The figural space is crowded with the sting and movement of the preparation for entombment, yet the flying connection between bloody shame and Jesus seems to be silent and with overwhelming emotion, the emotion for a mothers loss of a child. The two people depicted in the back right of the composition appear to be working on a burial garment for Jesus. The whiskery male on the right looks on intently as the figure on the right lays out wonderfully articulated drapery. The figures importance is established with their placement in the background of the pictorial plane.They are stand for for historical integrity but are arranged behind the ultimate importance of Jesus and his mother, bloody shame. The garments faint-hearted by all pictured are more interpretive program of actual ones worn at the time and place to which the crucifixion, and ultimately the entombment of Christ occurred. The turban is also another historically accurate head garment worn by men in the Middle East. The accuracy and attenti on to historical elaborate are in contrast to the baroque styles practiced by eastern European baroque artists. The use of color is much more prevalent in Nains piece.High saturation and deep tones of good-for-naughts and reds are placed throughout the composition as well as lower more soft tones. Although there are areas of deep color saturation and vibrant tones, the overall scene is depicted as a drab dark cave and white-haired landscape. The most vibrant royal blue cloth is draped over Mary as she braces herself in mourning. This traditional use of the color is an indicator of the holy place family, with Mary in particular. Mary also wears a high saturation red garment. This color is repeated on the figure supporting Christs exanimate body. This repetition helps link the two halves of the composition.In this piece, light proves to be equally important as the use of color. The lighting in Nains piece is skillfully rendered within the look and feel of the French baroque style . The fast fluid use of light crossways the entire composition allows for much more of the surface to be interpreted by the viewer. The painting, although well lit, still has the ability for a strong divine light to meander its glow on the deceased body of Jesus. The divine light also strikes Mary who is sitting in a most mournful way next to the body of her son. Atmospheric perspective is well captured in the cascading hills depicted in the background of the piece.Space is clear created by each crest and bowl of the rolling landscape. An overall blue greyish tone is cast upon the farthest distances from our eye. In contrast to the correct rendering of the farthest distance, Nain has created a proportionally incorrect crucifix. With that being said, the space is ordered well departure ample room for the small landscape far outgoing the cave. The pictorial plane can be both shoal and deep. The viewer is placed in the small space surrounding the body of Christ and if chosen can peer past to a more deep and discursive space.There is a survey line that begins in the landscape on the right and continues to divide the composition throughout the figural space. The horizon line ends on the worktable of the figures in the background. This continuous line keeps the composition equally weighted and well placed. The contrasting dark walls and spaces surrounding the figures against the divine light allow for space to be created also making the space more believable to the viewer. With the image falling into the French baroque era and style it can be seen that the stylizing of the image is very calm with no infatuated marks.The fluid strokes and smooth transitions play well with the narrative of the story for its the time after Christs death and life seems to move in muted motion. Although texture can be seen in the strokes of the cave walls giving validity to the space and allowing the viewer to feel as though they are in the scene. Nains skillful crafting o f the piece and attention to emotional and historical details lend to the overall success of the piece. It is clear Nain wishes for the viewer to feel the gravitation of the ultimate sacrifice endured by Christ.Staying confessedly to the French baroque styles of the time he was able to convey his message through a well thought out and cleanly placed composition. Both Procaccinis The Scourging of Christ and Nains, and The Entombment of Christ, depict a particular moment in time of the crucifixion of Christ. Though each portrays particular scenes under their own vision in their particular style, Procaccinis Italian baroque influences are extremely evident in the painting with the strong use of light and the theatrical scene with strong movement and gut wrenching emotions.In contrast to the prompt chaotic scene pictured by Procaccini, Nain uses a more refined court and paints a much more academic and calm scene. The dullness of the tones with vivid splashes of color add many histor ical as well as religious touches that add to the overall feel that Nain is trying to express. boilersuit the two pieces are some of the more breathtaking renditions of classic religious art that can be seen. Both artists are the definition of their style and exemplify what authorized artistry is. 1 . http//en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Giulio_Cesare_Procaccini 2 . http//www. wga. hu/tours/spain/p_17. hypertext markup language 3 . http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Figura_serpentinata 4 . http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Contrapposto 5 . http//webartacademy. com/painting-techniques-tenebrism 6 . http//www. artistdaily. com/blogs/artistdaily/archive/2013/01/30/no-one-could-beat-rembrandt. aspx 7 . http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/ melodic theme/1475261/Le-Nain-brothers 8 . http//www. essential-humanities. net/western-art/western-painting/baroque-painting/. UV0HaaKG2So